Results · Groups and their finite shadows

Finitely presented infinite p-groups for every prime

In plain wordsFor every prime p there is an infinite group with finitely many generators and relations in which every element has order a power of p; a single presentation over the integers serves every prime, and every nonidentity element survives in some finite quotient.

The result

As the paper states it, in briefFor every prime p, an infinite, residually finite group with an ordinary finite presentation in which every element has finite p-power order. One presentation, written over the integers, serves every prime.

Questionson the index

How this was checked

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A blind check by a model from another developer
Audits
A line-by-line review.
Exact certificates
Exact mod-p checks in the repository
Lean
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Peer review
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Label checked .

Novelty and credit

Novelty
Concurrent with named independent work: Kenta Kitamura proved the every-prime result independently (manuscript of 13 October 2026, Lean formalization of 16 October 2026); in the paper’s words, “the extension to every prime listed above is shared with it.” It extends OpenAI’s construction for p=2, whose conceptual credit is theirs; a lemma is credited to Zalesskii (1985).
Correction
Version 1.0.1 adds a note on Kenta Kitamura’s independent, concurrent work, which version 1.0.0 did not cite. Corrections

Versionstwo, each with its own DOI

Every archived version, newest first. Dates are Zenodo publication dates. All versions: 10.5281/zenodo.23401290, which always resolves to the newest.
VersionDateDOINotes
1.0.110.5281/zenodo.23791059Correction: Credit: a “Note added” in the introduction cites Kenta Kitamura’s independent, concurrent work (manuscript 13 October 2026, Lean 16 October 2026), which also proves the every-prime result; in the paper’s words, “the extension to every prime listed above is shared with it.” PDF hosted here.
1.0.010.5281/zenodo.23401291

Paper, code and links

PDF

papers/p-groups-v1.0.1.pdf, version 1.0.1, 715,241 bytes, 38 pages.

SHA-256 23b1d37fb195261a3394bd8899c8e50811b690588c2f3c47cf295290414b644a

Corrections

  1. Version 1.0.1. Credit: a “Note added” in the introduction cites Kenta Kitamura’s independent, concurrent work (manuscript 13 October 2026, Lean 16 October 2026), which also proves the every-prime result; in the paper’s words, “the extension to every prime listed above is shared with it.”doi:10.5281/zenodo.23791059

All corrections, and what counts as one.

Cite

@misc{douglas2026pgroups,
  author  = {Douglas, Seth and Mghirbi, Nidhal},
  title   = {Finitely presented infinite p-groups for every prime},
  year    = {2026},
  version = {1.0.1},
  doi     = {10.5281/zenodo.23791059},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23791059}
}

p-groups.bibAll papers as BibTeX